Auxiliares
Modales
Los
verbos modals son una categoría de verbos auxiliares. Verbos modales también se
llaman modales auxiliares o simplemente modales. Hay
diez verbos modales ingleses:
can could
may might
shall should
will would
must ought
to
Los
modales expresan el modo de un verbo: la capacidad, la posibilidad, la
necesidad u una otra condición del verbo principal.
Estes
verbos se usan con verbos principales para formar afirmaciones o preguntas. Los
modales no tienen conjugaciones ni tiempo y no se pueden usar sin verbo
principal.
En
inglés, el verbo principal siempre queda en forma infinitiva sin to, excepto el
modal ought.
En una
afirmación, el orden de las palabras es sujeto + modal + verbo principal.
sujeto modal verbo
principal
They
Ellos can
pueden come.
venir.
Mike
Mike should
debe walk.
caminar.
En las
preguntas, el orden de palabras es modal + sujeto + verbo principal.
preguntas
de sí o no (yes-no questions)
modal sujeto verbo
principal
Can
¿Pueden they come?
venir?
Should
¿Debería Mike
Mike drive?
manejar?
preguntas
informativas (wh- questions)
wh- word modal sujeto verbo
principal
When
¿Cuándo can
pueden they come?
venir?
How
¿Cómo could
podría he know?
saber?
Can
El modal
can, como el verbo español poder, indica una posibilidad o una capacidad.
Tom can help you.
Tom puede ayudarte.
Wild animals can be dangerous.
Los
animales salvajes pueden ser peligrosos.
Eating out can be costly.
Comer
fuera puede ser costoso.
En
preguntas, se utiliza can para solicitar permiso de hacer algo o sea para
preguntar sobre una posibilidad.
Can I help you?
¿Puedo ayudarle?
Can Mike have dinner with us?
¿Mike
puede cenar con nosotros?
Who can answer the next question?
¿Quién
puede contestar a la próxima pregunta?
When can we get back the results?
¿Cuándo podemos
tener los resultados?
Could
El modal
could indica una posibilidad o una capacidad en el pasado.
I could have told you that.
Podría
haberte dicho eso.
It could
have been a disaster.
Podría
haber sido un desastre.
When I was young, I could run very fast.
Cuando
era jóven, podía correr muy rápidamente.
Could se
utiliza para especular sobre unas posibilidades futuras. En estes ejemplos, could y might son sinónimos.
It could / might rain tonight.
Puede llover esta noche.
This could / might be dangerous.
Eso
puede / podría ser peligroso.
En las
preguntas de sí o no, could especula sobre unas posibilidades en el presente o
el futuro.
Could she be the murderer?
¿Puede /
Podría ser ella el asesina?
Could this be a mistake?
¿Podría
ser esto un error?
Could indica una opción.
We could go see a movie.
Podemos
/ Podríamos ver una película.
I could become a doctor.
Puedo /
Podría hacerme médico.
En las
preguntas de sí o no, could hace una solicitud cortés. En estes ejemplos, could
y can son sinónimos.
Could / Can you open your window?
¿Puede
usted abrir su ventana?
Could / Can you help me move this sofa?
¿Puedes
ayudarme a mover este sofá?
Se usa
could para formar el condicional el cual contiene dos oraciones: una con
"if" (si) y la otra con el resultado. Could está puesto en la oración
del resultado.
En estos
afirmaciones, could expresa una situación hipotética:
If I had time, I could play tennis with you.
Si
tuviera tiempo, podría jugar tennis contigo.
We could study together, if you want to.
Podemos
estudiar juntos, si quieres.
If it weren't raining, we could go on a picnic.
Si no
estuviera lloviendo, podríamos ir de picnic.
Se usa
could para especular sobre una posibilidad que no llega hacer realizado porque una condición no llega
hacer cumplido.
If we had left sooner, we could have taken the train.
Si
hubiéramos salido más pronto, podríamos haber tomado el tren.
I could have passed the exam, if I had studied more.
Podría
haber pasado el examen si hubiera estudiado más.
I'm glad we took umbrellas. We could have gotten
soaked.
Estoy
feliz que hayamos llevado paraguas. Podríamos habernos empapado.
Modal
Auxiliaries
Modals
verbs are a class of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are
also called modal auxiliaries or simply manners. There are ten English modal
verbs:
Could can
may might
Should Marshall
will would
Must ought to
Manners express the mode of a verb: the ability,
possibility, the need or another condition of the main verb.
Estes verbs with main verbs are used to form
statements or questions. Conjugates have no manners and no time and can not be
used without a main verb.
In English the main verb is always in the infinitive
without to, except the modal ought.
In a statement, the word order is subject + modal +
main verb.
subject main verb modal
They
They can
can eat.
coming.
Mike
Should Mike
must walk.
walk.
For questions, word order is subject + modal + main
verb.
yes or no questions (yes-no questions)
subject main verb modal
Dog
Can They Come?
come?
Should
Should Mike
Mike drive?
drive?
wh-questions (wh-questions)
subject wh-word main verb modal
When
When can
can They Come?
come?
How
How Could
could I know?
know?
Dog
The modal can, as the Spanish verb power, indicates a
possibility or capacity.
Tom can help you.
Tom can help.
Wild animals can be dangerous.
Wild animals can be dangerous.
Eating out can be costly.
Eating out can be expensive.
In questions can be used to request permission to do
something or to ask about a possibility.
Can I help you?
¿I can help?
Mike Can Have dinner with us?
Mike ¿dine with us?
Who can answer the next question?
Who can answer the next question?
When can we get back the results?
When can we get the results?
Could
Could The modal indicates a possibility or an ability
in the past.
I Could have told you that.
I could have said that.
It Could have been a disaster.
It could have been a disaster.
When I was young, I Could run very fast.
When I was young, he could run very fast.
Could be used to speculate on future possibilities. In
the following examples could and might are synonymous.
It could / might rain tonight.
It may rain tonight.
This could / might be dangerous.
That may / might be dangerous.
In the questions yes or no, could speculates about
possibilities in the present or the future.
Could she be the murderer?
Can / Could she be the killer?
Could this be a mistake?
Could this be a mistake?
Could indicates an option.
Could we go see a movie.
We can / could see a movie.
I Could Become a doctor.
I can / could become a doctor.
In the questions yes or no, Could make a polite
request. In the following examples could and can are synonymous.
Could / Can you open your window?
Can you open your window?
Could / Can you help me Move This sofa?
Can you help me move this couch?
Could mentions the conditional form which contains two
sentences: one with "if" (if) and the other with the result. Could
prayer is on the result.
In these statements, expressed Could a hypothetical
situation:
If I had time, I Could play tennis with you.
If I had time, you could play tennis.
Could we study together, if you want to.
We study together, if you want.
If It Were not raining, We Could go on a picnic.
If it were not raining, we could go on a picnic.
Used Could mentions a possibility that not happen
because a condition was not met.
If We Had left sooner, we Could have taken the train.
If we had gone sooner, could have taken the train.
I Could Have Passed the exam, if I Had Studied more.
Could have passed the test if I had studied more.
I'm glad we Took umbrellas. We Could have gotten
soaked.
I am happy that we brought umbrellas. We could have
soaked.
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